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Guide 2 · Resources

Running and walking words explained

Look up a word from your plan, watch or event information. Start with the short explanation, and open an example when you need it. If your plan gives a more specific instruction, use that context.

Use your browser’s Find to look for a word.

10 km

Ten kilometres, or 10,000 metres. Event entry information explains its participation and time limits.

Example and related terms: 10 km

A 10 km run or walk covers twice the distance of 5 km. That does not establish the effort or time it will take you.

5 km

Five kilometres, or 5,000 metres. It is a distance, not a required pace or finish time.

Example and related terms: 5 km

An event lists a 5 km course. Check its route and time limits; the distance alone does not say which participants it accepts.

Aid station

A place on an event course providing support, often drinks and sometimes food. Check what the organiser supplies.

Example and related terms: Aid station

Event information lists water at one checkpoint. Check the organiser’s details rather than assuming every station also provides food.

Bib

The identification number or panel supplied for an event. Follow instructions about wearing it and using any attached timing device.

Example and related terms: Bib

Your event number includes a timing device. Read how it must be worn before attaching or folding it.

Brisk walking

Walking with a purposeful effort that makes you breathe harder. What feels brisk depends on you and the conditions.

Example and related terms: Brisk walking

On a familiar path you walk purposefully and notice your breathing increase. Another person may reach that effort at a different speed.

Build

A period developing time, distance or focused work. It does not require every week to be bigger than the previous one.

Example and related terms: Build

A plan adds time over several weeks, with an easier week in between. The easier week still belongs to the build.

Cadence

The number of steps taken per minute. It is a measurement; this glossary does not set a target everyone should match.

Example and related terms: Cadence

A watch reports 160 steps per minute. That describes the recorded steps; it does not mean you must speed up to match someone else.

Chip time

Time measured from when you cross the start line to when you cross the finish, using the event’s timing system.

Example and related terms: Chip time

You cross the start line two minutes after the starting signal and reach the finish 40 minutes later. Your chip time is 40 minutes; your gun time is 42 minutes.

Your first event checklist

Comfortably hard or threshold

Focused work that stays controlled. Plans use these terms in different ways; follow the session rather than treating the phrase as a measured personal threshold.

Example and related terms: Comfortably hard or threshold

Your plan describes two controlled five-minute blocks. Use its effort and recovery instructions; the label alone does not establish your personal threshold.

Cool-down

Gentler movement at the end of a session. Check whether it is included in the total before adding more.

Example and related terms: Cool-down

A session ends with five gentle minutes inside its listed duration. Finishing gently does not add another five minutes to the schedule.

Cross-training

Another form of exercise alongside your main walking or running, such as cycling or swimming. It still contributes to the demands of your week.

Example and related terms: Cross-training

You cycle on a day when you are not running. Include that activity when thinking about the demands of your week.

Cut-off time

The time limit for reaching an event checkpoint or the finish. Check its starting reference and what happens if you miss it.

Example and related terms: Cut-off time

A checkpoint closes at 10 am. Check whether you need to reach it by that clock time or whether the organiser gives a limit measured from your start.

Your first event checklist

DNF

A result label meaning “did not finish”. Stopping can be a sensible decision; the label does not explain someone’s circumstances.

Example and related terms: DNF

You started an event and stopped before the finish. The DNF label records that outcome without deciding whether stopping was right for you.

DNS

A result label meaning “did not start”. It records participation status rather than judging the reason.

Example and related terms: DNS

You entered an event but did not start. A results list may record DNS without explaining why you chose not to take part.

Easier week or cutback

A planned reduction in training demand. It is part of the schedule rather than a week of lost progress.

Example and related terms: Easier week or cutback

After several developing weeks, your schedule reduces the long session. Follow that reduction rather than adding missed work.

Easy or conversational

A comfortable, controlled effort with room to speak in sentences. Slow down or walk when needed; easy is not one fixed pace.

Example and related terms: Easy or conversational

Your plan says 20 minutes easy. If speaking in sentences becomes difficult, ease back or use walking breaks to keep the intended effort.

Understand your effort

Elevation gain

The total amount of uphill climbing along a route, adding its separate climbs together. It differs from the height difference between start and finish.

Example and related terms: Elevation gain

A route climbs 30 metres, descends, then climbs another 20 metres. Its total elevation gain is 50 metres.

Event effort

The effort or pace chosen for a particular event and your preparation. Entering an event does not mean every part is at maximum effort.

Example and related terms: Event effort

The plan calls for a short section at your intended event effort. Follow that effort for the specified section rather than racing the whole session.

Event-date plan

A plan arranged around a chosen event date. Check how its schedule fits the time available and the plan’s starting requirements.

Example and related terms: Event-date plan

You choose an event date and review the dated schedule leading to it. Check that the starting point fits before saving a copy.

Fartlek

Changes of effort within a run. RGN plans describe controlled quicker sections and easier movement; the term does not require all-out sprints.

Example and related terms: Fartlek

Relaxed fartlek in an RGN plan might use timed quicker sections with easy movement between them. Read those instructions for the actual durations and effort.

Understand your effort

Foundation or base

A period establishing regular, manageable work before later demands. Use the particular plan’s explanation.

Example and related terms: Foundation or base

Early weeks establish a manageable routine before later work. Their purpose comes from the plan, not a universal number of weeks.

Galloway method

Coach and Olympian Jeff Galloway helped thousands of people discover running through his Run Walk Run approach. It alternates running with planned walking breaks from early in the session, rather than waiting until you are tired.

Example and related terms: Galloway method

Your session includes planned running and walking periods from the start. The balance comes from the plan and your circumstances; the name does not prescribe one ratio for everyone.

Use walking breaks deliberately

Gun time

Time measured from the event’s starting signal to when you finish. Check the organiser’s rules for which result is used.

Example and related terms: Gun time

You start two minutes after the signal and take 40 minutes from start line to finish. Your gun time is 42 minutes.

Half marathon

An event distance of 21.0975 kilometres, commonly rounded to 21.1 km.

Example and related terms: Half marathon

An organiser describes its half marathon as 21.1 km. That is the usual rounded label for the standard 21.0975 km distance.

Hill repeats

Repeated uphill efforts with recovery between them. Read the session’s hill length, effort and recovery instructions.

Example and related terms: Hill repeats

A session lists several uphill efforts with an easy return. Check whether the return is walking, jogging or rest rather than guessing.

Intensity

How demanding an activity is. RGN’s “focused” label describes planned work needing attention to the session instructions; it is not a universal pace or heart-rate zone.

Example and related terms: Intensity

Two sessions take the same time, but one feels much more demanding. Duration alone does not describe their intensity.

Interval

A work period repeated within a session. Read its effort, length, recovery and number of repeats together; intervals do not automatically mean sprinting.

Example and related terms: Interval

The instruction says four two-minute work periods with easy movement between. Read all three parts: work, recovery and number of repeats.

Jeffing

An informal name for planned run-walk intervals, named after Jeff Galloway. Walking breaks are part of the session from the start.

Example and related terms: Jeffing

A friend says they are Jeffing their run. They mean alternating running and walking deliberately, using the timings that suit their plan.

Use walking breaks deliberately

Long session or long run

The longest scheduled session in that plan week. “Long” depends on the plan and can involve walking, run-walk or running.

Example and related terms: Long session or long run

In a walking week with walks of 15, 20 and 25 minutes, the 25-minute walk is that week’s long session.

Loop

A route returning to its start by following a circuit. You can complete one loop or repeat it.

Example and related terms: Loop

A park circuit returns to the gate where you started. Completing it twice is two loops of the same route.

Marathon

An event distance of 42.195 kilometres, commonly rounded to 42.2 km.

Example and related terms: Marathon

A plan says marathon preparation. Its event distance is 42.195 km; its starting requirements and schedule still need checking separately.

Negative split

Completing the second half of a run, walk or event faster than the first half.

Example and related terms: Negative split

You complete the first 5 km of a 10 km run in 31 minutes and the second in 29 minutes. That is a negative split.

Out-and-back

A route that goes to a turning point and returns along the same way.

Example and related terms: Out-and-back

You follow a path to a bridge, turn around and use the same path home. Check the full return distance when planning.

Pace

The time taken to cover a distance. At 7:00/km, each kilometre takes seven minutes; a smaller number means a faster pace.

Example and related terms: Pace

Your watch shows 7:00/km. That means seven minutes per kilometre. If the session says easy, the effort still comes first; hills and weather can change the pace.

Understand your effort

Pacer

A person helping participants follow a planned pace or finish time. It is guidance, rather than a guarantee of your result.

Example and related terms: Pacer

A group follows a pacer aiming for a particular finish time. You still need to choose an effort that suits your preparation and conditions.

parkrun

Free, weekly, timed 5 km community events where you can walk, jog or run. Participation matters more than speed; parkrun is written with a lower-case p.

Example and related terms: parkrun

You join a local parkrun and walk the whole 5 km or use planned run-walk breaks. Check that event’s course information and first-timer guidance before attending.

Your first event checklist

Personal best

Your best recorded time over a particular distance. A worthwhile run or walk does not need to set one.

Example and related terms: Personal best

Your recorded 5 km time improves on your earlier best over that distance. An enjoyable slower run or walk can still be worthwhile.

Personal plan copy

Your dated copy of a Training template, with your progress and notes. The reusable public template is separate from your personal record.

Example and related terms: Personal plan copy

You choose a start date and save a plan in Training. Your dated sessions and notes belong to your copy; opening the public template does not show them.

Choose a plan for where you are now

Power walking

A term commonly used for energetic walking with purposeful arm movement. Its meaning varies; check what a session or group intends.

Example and related terms: Power walking

A group advertises power walking. Ask what effort and technique its session uses rather than assuming it means competitive race walking.

Race walking

A competitive walking discipline with specific rules about visible ground contact and a straightened advancing leg. It is different from simply walking quickly.

Example and related terms: Race walking

An event is labelled race walking and refers to competition rules. Read those rules; ordinary brisk walking is a different description.

Recovery interval

Easier movement or rest between work periods. Follow the stated duration and instructions about walking, jogging or resting.

Example and related terms: Recovery interval

Between two work periods the plan asks for one minute of walking. That minute is the recovery interval, not another work repeat.

Recovery run

A short, easy run intended to keep demand low between other work. It does not replace rest when rest is what you need.

Example and related terms: Recovery run

Monday offers a short easy run after a longer session. If you need rest, the recovery label does not make running compulsory.

Repetitions

How many times to perform a work period. “4 × 2 minutes” means four two-minute work periods; read the recovery instruction too.

Example and related terms: Repetitions

Four repeats of two minutes means eight minutes of work. If there are three one-minute recoveries between them, that block takes 11 minutes. The full session may also include a warm-up and cool-down.

Use walking breaks deliberately

Rest day

A day without a scheduled training session, following your plan’s guidance. Gentle everyday movement may be a choice; a replacement workout is not required.

Example and related terms: Rest day

Your walking plan says rest. You do not need to replace the walk with another workout to stay on track.

Make room for recovery

RPE or perceived effort

A rating of how hard an activity feels to you. Check the scale being used before interpreting the number.

Example and related terms: RPE or perceived effort

A watch asks for effort on a scale from 1 to 10. A plan using a different scale may give the same number a different meaning.

Run-walk

Running and walking used deliberately in the same session. Instructions may set the intervals or leave walking breaks to you.

Example and related terms: Run-walk

Run one minute, walk two minutes describes a planned pattern. The walking belongs in the session.

Use walking breaks deliberately

Session frequency

The number of scheduled training days in a week. Other demanding activity matters when considering the whole week.

Example and related terms: Session frequency

Three scheduled sessions mean three training days that week. A demanding cycle ride still matters to your overall activity.

Split

The time for one section of a run or walk, such as a kilometre. Check whether a display shows that section alone or the total time so far.

Example and related terms: Split

Your first kilometre takes seven minutes and your next takes seven minutes ten seconds. Those are two kilometre splits.

Start-date plan

A plan counted forward from a starting date you choose, without needing an event date.

Example and related terms: Start-date plan

Choose a starting date for Your first 30-minute walk. Its weeks follow that date; you do not need to enter an event.

Choose a plan for where you are now

Starting requirements

What a plan assumes you can already do, including your recent routine. Meeting them is not medical clearance.

Example and related terms: Starting requirements

A plan assumes four regular running days and a comfortable 8 km run. Compare both with your recent routine before choosing it.

Starting wave

A group assigned a particular start time or place in the start area. Waves and corrals are organised differently; follow your event’s instructions.

Example and related terms: Starting wave

Your entry assigns you to a later starting group. Follow its arrival and start instructions, and check how the time limit is measured.

Steady

Purposeful, controlled work. Check your session for the effort it means and how long to hold it.

Example and related terms: Steady

A session asks for a steady section between easy running. Read that session’s description before choosing how hard to work.

Strides

Short, controlled accelerations with recovery between them. Check the session for their length and effort; the word is also used for individual steps.

Example and related terms: Strides

After easy running, a session asks for short controlled accelerations with recovery. Follow its stated length and effort rather than sprinting.

Talk test

Using how comfortably you can speak as a practical guide to effort. It helps describe relative effort rather than prescribing a speed.

Example and related terms: Talk test

During an easy run or walk you can speak a full sentence comfortably. If that becomes difficult, easing back can help you return to the intended effort.

Taper

Reduced training before an event. Follow the plan rather than using the space to catch up on missed sessions.

Example and related terms: Taper

The plan reduces training as the event approaches. Filling that space with extra long runs would change the intended preparation.

Tempo

Sustained or repeated blocks of controlled, comfortably hard running. Check the plan’s definition and the easier movement around the work.

Example and related terms: Tempo

A plan calls its controlled blocks tempo work. Check how long each block lasts and what easier movement surrounds it.

Trail

A path away from the road. Its surface, slope and difficulty vary, so read the route description rather than assuming it is easy.

Example and related terms: Trail

A route description mentions roots, loose stones and steep sections. The word trail alone would not tell you those details.

Training load

The overall demands of training. Time, distance, effort and other activity contribute; kilometres alone do not describe it fully.

Example and related terms: Training load

Two weeks cover the same kilometres, but one adds hills and focused work. Their overall demands can differ.

Ultramarathon

A running event longer than a marathon. Distances, surfaces, support and time limits vary considerably.

Example and related terms: Ultramarathon

An event advertises 50 km on trails. Read its course, support and limits; ultra events are not all the same distance or surface.

Warm-up

Gentler movement at the beginning of a session. Check whether it is already included in the listed time or distance.

Example and related terms: Warm-up

A 30-minute session includes ten easy minutes at its start. Those minutes already belong to the total; check before adding more.

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